I am looking for a good example of a Continuous Monitoring Policy/Plan/SOP (or all of the above) for use within the DoD RMF world. Anyone?
Here is one where they combine the policy and the NIST standards into one document. Personally, I'd make two separate documents but this is a start. Also, check out NIST SP 800-137 and 137A for more info on the subject.
https://files.nc.gov/ncdit/documents/Statewide_Policies/SCIO_Security_Assessment_Authorization.pdf
From a technical perspective I suggest thinking about the solution architecture and then adding the security monitoring components. I like storyboarding those kinds of solutions, they are more practical than paper policy.
Each agency (there is roughly 100 command/service/agencies) has their own interpretation of continuous monitoring. Start with looking at the specific agencies document structure (font/headings/etc.) to develop a template then tailor it. You also might be able to get some insight from DoD policies as well.